Second Person Point Of View
Definition, Examples, and Writing Techniques
Personally, I love second person point of view. Not everyone does, but I do. I love its power to unsettle, to connect, to destabilise the reader/text relationship. I love how much it asks of the reader. I’m not alone in this love… but I’d say I’m not in the majority either.
When I talk about second person POV to my students and 1:1 clients, though, they very often haven’t come across this nifty little literary device. Or else they’ve encountered it unexpectedly in the wild but been put off by how differently it behaves to other narrative POVs. I’m here to make a case for second person POV: why I think it’s such a potent tool to carry in your writer’s toolbox, how it’s been put to the service of some truly great literary works, and how and when you can get the most of out second person POV in your own writing.
Intrigued? Read on to explore:
- The distinct characteristics of second person POV
- Notable literary works that use this perspective
- The benefits and challenges of writing in second person POV
- Practical tips for writers looking to master this narrative style
What is Second Person POV?
But first, a definition: Second person POV is a narrative perspective where the author addresses the reader directly using pronouns like you and your. This technique creates a unique sense of intimacy and immediacy, drawing readers into the story as if they are experiencing events firsthand.
Second person POV is usually – though not exclusively – rendered in the present tense in prose fiction. That doesn’t mean you can’t use second person past tense; it just means that most writers using this literary style use present. But that’s not a reason to avoid past tense if it seems to work best for your narrative.
Unique Characteristics of Second Person POV
Second person POV has a bunch of unique (some might say “glorious”) characteristics that set it apart from other narrative perspectives:
- Direct engagement: The narrative speaks directly to the reader, creating an immersive experience
- Immediacy: The typical use of present tense often heightens the sense of urgency and presence
- Intimacy: By addressing the reader personally, it fosters a close connection between the reader and the narrative. (This is often uncomfortable for the reader, which, I’d argue, is one of the greatest strengths of second person POV)
“Second person POV is a narrative perspective where the author addresses the reader directly using pronouns like you and your.”
Comparison with Other POVs
To better understand second person POV, let’s compare it with first person and third person POV:
First Person POV
- Narrative voice: The narrator is a character within the story, using I or we.
- Perspective: Provides insight into the narrator’s personal thoughts and feelings.
- Example: “I walked down the street, feeling the chill in the air.”
Third Person POV
- Narrative voice: The narrator is outside of the story, referring to characters as he, she, or they.
- Perspective: Offers a broader view of events and multiple characters’ thoughts and actions.
- Example: “She walked down the street, feeling the chill in the air.”
Second Person POV
- Narrative voice: Directly addresses the reader with you.
- Perspective: Places the reader at the centre of events, creating a unique and engaging experience.
- Example: “You walk down the street, feeling the chill in the air.”
Examples of Second Person POV in Literature
The fact that Second person POV is less common than first or third makes it all the more arresting when it does appear. Several literary works stand out for their effective use of second person POV.
Bright Lights, Big City by Jay McInerney
“You have friends who actually care about you and speak the language of the inner self. You have avoided them of late. Your soul is as disheveled as your apartment, and until you can clean it up a little you don’t want to invite anyone inside.”
McInerney’s 1984 work is arguably the only full-length novel told entirely in second person POV. Set in 1980s New York, the narrative perspective is used to thrusts the into the fast paced life of a young man in the city, creating a compelling immediacy and personal connection.
The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin
“There is such a thing as too much loss. Too much has been taken from you both – taken and taken and taken, until there’s nothing left but hope, and you’ve given that up because it hurts too much. Until you would rather die, or kill, or avoid attachments altogether, than lose one more thing.”
Jemisin employs second person POV in sections throughout the Broken Earth trilogy. The second book in the series, The Obelisk Gate, deals with complex themes of identity, belonging, and personal struggle, and Jemisin’s use of the second person allows her to explore how characters perceive themselves and their actions in relation to their world, while inviting readers to reflect on their own identities in parallel.
Helio Music by Mike Buckley
“Wake up, killer. For a year, two, you’ve been the static hum of space, floating, spread out over a solar system, asleep, invisible.”
Mike Buckley’s short story explores the interplay between memory, identity, and the transformative power of music. The narrative unfolds through the second person point of view, immersing readers in the experiences of a complex protagonist with a dark past.
Benefits of Using Second Person POV
Second person POV fosters a unique sense of intimacy and immediacy for readers. By addressing them directly with “you” the narrative breaks down emotional distance, placing the reader at the heart of the story. This technique creates an immersive experience, making the reader feel as though they are actively participating in the unfolding events.
Second Person POV Enhances Reader Engagement
- Direct Address: By speaking directly to the reader, you create a conversational tone that draws them into the narrative.
- Personal Connection: The use of “you” builds a personal connection, making readers more invested in the story’s outcome.
- Immediate Experience: The present tense often used in second person POV enhances this immediacy, giving a sense of urgency and involvement.
Second Person POV Creates Intimacy in Your Writing
The intimacy created by second person POV can deepen thematic exploration. Readers are encouraged to reflect on their own emotions and experiences as they navigate through the text. This perspective is particularly effective in genres that require strong emotional engagement – the famous example is the Choose Your Own Adventure series of stories, but I’ve seen this technique used to devastating effect in both horror and literary fiction too.
“Using second person POV can transform ordinary narratives into compelling experiences, pushing readers to not just observe but to feel and act within the story’s world.”
Challenges of Writing in Second Person POV
Writing in second person point of view presents unique challenges that can test a writer’s storytelling methods and style.
Common difficulties include:
- Avoiding Repetitiveness: Using “you” frequently can become monotonous. Writers need to find creative ways to vary sentence structure and language without losing the intimacy that second person POV provides.
- Maintaining Reader Engagement: Keeping the reader invested is crucial. Because second person POV places the reader directly in the story, it’s essential to create compelling scenarios
and emotional depth to sustain their interest. - Balancing Intimacy with Distance: Striking the right balance between drawing the reader in and overwhelming them is difficult. Overusing direct address can make the narrative feel intrusive or claustrophobic.
- Consistency: Ensuring consistent use of second-person pronouns and present tense (or past tense, if that’s what you’re using – you do you) is vital. Any slip-up can break immersion, making it harder for readers to stay connected to the story.
Understanding these challenges can help you refine your writing style, making your second person narratives more effective and engaging.
Using second person POV can transform ordinary narratives into compelling experiences, pushing readers to not just observe but to feel and act within the story’s world.
How to Write Effectively in Second Person POV
Writing in second person POV can transform your storytelling by placing the reader at the heart of the narrative. Here are practical tips to help you experiment with this perspective:
Use Sensory Details
Engage your readers’ senses to create a vivid and immersive experience. Describe sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures they encounter in the story world.
For example: “You hear the distant hum of traffic, feel the rough texture of brick walls under your fingertips, and smell the faint scent of rain on asphalt.”
Employ Immersive Language
Create an immediate connection with the reader by using present tense and active voice. This approach helps maintain a sense of urgency and engagement.
For example: “You walk down the narrow alley, your heartbeat quickening with each step.”
Vary Sentence Structure
Avoid repetitiveness by mixing short, impactful sentences with longer, descriptive ones. This keeps the narrative dynamic and engaging.
For example: “You hesitate. The choice before you is daunting, but you know there’s no turning back.”
Use Imperative Forms
Instruct or guide the reader to enhance their involvement in the story. Commands can make them feel like active participants.
For example: “Turn left at the corner. Don’t look back.”
Focus on Internal Thoughts and Emotions
Delve into the reader’s thoughts and feelings to foster a deeper emotional connection. Reflect their internal struggles, desires, and fears.
For example: “You wonder if this decision will change everything. Doubt creeps in, but deep down, you know it’s worth the risk.”
Give Second Person POV A Try. You Know You Want To...
So… have I convinced you? Good. But on the off chance you’re still on the fence, some final words on the subject…
Second person POV is a powerful narrative tool that offers writers the opportunity to create deep emotional connections and immersive experiences for readers.
The uncanny, unsettling experience of direct address means your audience is uniquely engaged, and you – almost effortlessly – foster a sense of intimacy and urgency in your text that explodes out of the page.
Yes, there are challenges associated with writing in second person, such as maintaining engagement and balancing intimacy, employing effective techniques can enhance storytelling and captivate audiences. But I submit that second person point of view is worth the effort. Embracing this distinctive point of view allows you to push the boundaries of traditional storytelling, inviting readers to step into the narrative and experience it as their own. What’s not to love?
Are you ready to try second person POV in your writing? Let me know in the comments!